Higher education in Germany for international students

Universities in Germany conduct studying according to the Bologna System, stipulating division of higher education into three academic stages: undergraduate (Bachelor's), graduate (Master's), and doctoral (Ph.D.) programs. To successfully enter German higher education institutions, foreign students must either obtain an Abitur degree from local preparatory schools, known as Studienkollegs, or submit a certificate/diploma, confirming the completion of two courses at a university.

Bachelor's Degree: The Foundation of Higher Education in Germany

Undergraduate education is considered  as the entry-level stage for obtaining higher education in Germany. Undergraduate programs are available for local and foreign students. Usually, the duration of these courses is 2 years, stipulating foundational theoretical studies. After that, specialized coursework is conducted during 1-2 years. When the initial theoretical program is finished, students are required to take an exam, allowing them to move on to the specialized phase, stipulating practical preparation in the chosen field.

Sam Jones

Recruitment Director for Partnership with INTO Universities (Europe and Central Asia)

What firstly should be considered when choosing a university?

It depends on the student - everyone determines the most important criteria for himself. I would advise you to take several rankings and compare them with each other, plus take into account the cost of the course, the location of the university and its scale, the percentage of graduates' employment. See where graduates continue their studies or where they go to work.

The Master's program is the second stage of higher education in Germany, aimed at deepening the theoretical knowledge received while studying on the Bachelor's program . In addition, foreign students develop skills in scientific research. Teaching is conducted by respected and experienced faculty members. Also the Master's programs are developed in such a way as to comply with employer demands for specialized skills. The duration for Master's studies varies from 1-2 , passing this course is a prerequisite for entering Ph.D. programs.

Ph.D. Studies: The Pinnacle of Academic Achievement

Doctoral studies are the final stage in Germany's higher education system, only offered by the universities. These programs stipulate independent research, resulting in writing a dissertation. At the end of studies, a dissertation defense is conducted or an oral exam in the specialized area may be stipulated. The duration of Ph.D. studies can range from 2 to 4 years.

Modular Course Structure

Bachelor's and Master's programs in Germany have a structure of modules, stipulating a combination of lectures, seminars, and laboratory work. The European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System (ECTS) is used to assess the successful completion of these modules. Also students earn academic credits by each semester.

Types of Higher Education Institutions in Germany

Higher education in Germany offers a diverse range of options, with universities specializing in various fields. There are distinctions between universities located in the eastern and western regions, the latter generally being more prestigious while the former are considered easier. Students have the flexibility to choose courses and subjects within their chosen specializations.

Self-Study and Rankings

Self-study skills are paid much attention in German higher education, as a significant part of the program stipulates independent learning. As for rankings, about 35 German higher education institutions occupy high positions in the annual lists of the top 500 universities worldwide.

Universities and Their Specializations

• Traditional Universities: These are the oldest and most prestigious higher education institutions in Germany, attracting top-tier faculty and providing cutting-edge research facilities. Education at these universities is free, except for an annual fee ranging from €280 to €500 covering auxiliary study costs.

• Technical Universities: These focus primarily on STEM subjects, offering courses in natural sciences and engineering.

• Universities of Applied Sciences: These universities offer specialized education in fields like engineering, economics, and social sciences, including substantial practical experience.

• Creative Arts Universities: These institutions cater to students interested in arts, design, and music, emphasizing practical skills.

• Specialized Institutions: These include pedagogical, medical, and veterinary universities among others.

Required Documents for Applying to Universities in Germany

The application process is centralized through an organization called Uni-Assist, having collaborations with various German universities. The fee for the initial application is €75, with each subsequent application costing €15. Additional requirements include:

• Language proficiency certificates in English or German

• High school diploma or equivalent

• Certificate confirming completion of two university courses

• Motivation letter

Higher Education in Germany Fees

Besides the nominal annual fees at public universities, the cost of higher education in Germany may include language test fees of around €130. Note that private universities may have additional tuition fees.

Pay attention that 2024 is marked by a new introduction for foreign students, concerning an increase in the minimum amount that must be on the student's accounts for entering German universities. From September 1, expat applicants must confirm that they have at least €11,208 per year (or €934 per month) to apply for a German study visa.

By understanding the structure, types, and fees associated with higher education in Germany, international students can better navigate their academic options in this educationally rich country.

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